I had the same question, and I think I have found the solution:
There are two independent places to take control of:
1.
Line 90 of components/com_fireboard/sources/fb_timeformat_class.php
controls the format of the 'latest post' date in the lists of forums.
It looks something like this:
$usertime_format = "%m/%d/%Y %H:%M";
I think this is what you called a "front page".
2.
There are three lines in administrator/components/com_fireboard/language/english.php that look relevant. The important one is:
DEFINE('_DATETIME', 'm/d/Y H:i'

; // originally DEFINE('_DATETIME', 'Y/m/d H:i'

;
This seems to control the format of the dates of posts appearing in lists of topics.
(There are two other places in this file where date formats can be changed, but I could not see what effect changing them had. Nevertheless, I changed them all to my preferred format.)